Diagnosis

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is an advanced medical imaging technology that involves the application of dedicated scanner and radiotracer injection to visualise cellular metabolic activities.

As metabolic alteration often occurs before functional and structural changes in organs during cancer pathogenesis, PET is able to capture cellular changes and detect cancer earlier than traditional structural imaging tools. Differentiation of disease entities (malignant or benign), localisation of metastatic lesions, quantification of metabolic rate and treatment effectiveness evaluation can be performed by Specialists in Nuclear Medicine based on a patient’s clinical history and PET scan.

Apart from routine diagnostic usage, “Theranostics”, i.e. the interaction between PET scan and radionuclide therapy, has recently opened a new horizon in cancer treatment. Unique metabolic parameters provided by PET scan are critical for treatment feasibility assessment and radiation dose planning.

Our advanced MRI equipment provides top-quality cross-sectional views of the insides from different angles and with good contrast, making it particularly effective at cancer diagnosis by:

• distinguishing between normal and cancerous tissues;
  
• pinpointing and monitoring tumours in the body; and
  
• detecting metastases.
  
  

MRI also plays a major role in treatment planning and disease surveillance during and after chemotherapy/radiotherapy.

CT scan is an examination using X-rays and special computers to take images of the body. Images of multiple planes can be obtained. It helps detect cancer and demonstrate the location, size and condition of the tumour. Relationship of the tumour to neighboring organs can also be worked out, which helps determine the appropriate work-up and assess treatment response.

Ultrasound uses high-frequency sound waves to create pictures of internal organs. It is used to detect the tumour and guide biopsy procedure by locating the tumour inside the body.

Mammography uses X-ray to detect early-stage breast tumour. It plays a crucial role in early detection of breast cancer and reduction in breast cancer deaths.

The general female population is advised to have mammograms at age 40, and every 1 to 2 years thereafter. Those with a higher risk (due to hereditary reasons or a family history of breast cancer) may benefit from an early start before 40 years of age. Sometimes mammogram is complemented by MRI if necessary.

During examination, the breast is pressed between two plates to spread the breast tissues for clear image. With advances in technology, discomfort, if any, is now minimal and short-lasting.